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Forking is done if you want to create a new flavor of the original repo. It is naturally divergent in nature. Forks are not meant to be merged like the case of Linux and its flavors. This is the standard model in open source world.
Branching is done with the idea of converging the code base at some point in future. This is better fit for private repos in enterprise businesses. This lends better to convergent evolution of the code.
To get repo and branch information 라이브스코어
git remote show — gives the list of remote repos
git remote show origin — shows the git repository (origin in this case) URL from which the code is cloned
git remote -v — shows all the remote repos with names you have configured locally on your system
git branch –remotes – gives the list of branches in the remote repo or the origin
git branch — gives the list of branches in your local repo
Credential configuration (will be one time if you are using Git Shell) – 2 ways to do it – either store the credentials in file or store it in cache for x time after which it needs to be again given. 2 option is more secure
File based 라이브스코어
Local for the current git project
Inside the repository where you want the credentials to be stored – git config credential.helper store
git pull – This will ask for username/password for the first time and store the same in a file (.git-credentials)
git pull – now the username/password will not be asked
Global for the entire sytem
git config –global credential.helper store
Step 2 and 3 will be same as for local
Cache based:
git config –global user.name “your-user-name”
git config –global user.email “your-email-id”
git config –global credential.helper “cache –timeout=36000” – this caches the credentials for 10 hours
git config core.longpaths true – enable this flag if you get this error – Cannot save the current worktree state+Filename too long
In case the certifcate is not picked properly, point it to the actual cert location using below command
Clone a repo
git clone -b security_scan https://github.com/project-name.git – you will be prompted to enter username and password, Here the brach and repo url is specified
Branch operations
git branch – create a new branch
git checkout – to switch branch under the same git head. Code is automatically updated
git branch -d – delete a branch once prupose is achieved
Managing local changes
git add subfolder/filename.txt – staging new files
git rm subfolder/filename.txt – staging files to be deleted
git stash show – shows the staged local changed files
git stash – save local changes to stash
git stash -u – discard all local changes
git checkout –file.txt – undoes any local changes by getting the latest from remote repo
git reset subfolder/filename.txt – unstaging file
Sync code 라이브스코어
git push origin master — push local committed changes to remote github repository. origin is the remote repo name that git gives by default to your repo, master is the branch name both in your local repo fork and remote origin repo. the syntax is git push :. but if only one branch name is specified then git assumes that both the local and remote branches are of the same name.
git pull origin master – for updating local repo
Commit Code 라이브스코어
git commit -m “Removing files” – before committing ensure that there are no untracked files. either add the untracked files to be staged or put them in .gitignore
Revert a commit in remote 라이브스코어
git pull origin branch-name — always pull before revert, if local does not have the changes that need to be reverted you get fatal: bad object error
git revert -m 1 d8dc9c0332d0c038784902c2f260ea24cd0f6238 — revert the commit from parent branch 1, which usually will be master. m is the option to refer parent branch and 1 tells which parent branch
git push origin master
Revert a local commit
git reset HEAD~
Revert untracked changes locally
git clean -fd – remove untracked files or directories
Revert local changes
1. If you have not yet added the changes to the index or committed them, then you just want to use the checkout command – this will change the state of the working copy to match the repository: (– is called bare double dashes and they indicate that we are resetting a file and not a branch)
git checkout — filepath
or
git reset — optimax-server/config/oimContext.xml – if you are running the command from optimax folder
2. If you want to reset the complete branch and discard all staged and tracked but unstaged changes then give the following command. This can also be used to revert any local commits
reset –hard devfork/Aut17_DEV
3. If you added it to the index already, use reset:
git reset A
4. If you had committed it, then you use the revert command:
# the -n means, do not commit the revert yet
git revert -n
# now make sure we are just going to commit the revert to A
git reset B
git commit
5. To ignore the untracked files mention those files/folders in .gitignore file
Diffing files (in git native console, it opens the diffs in vi editor where all the vi commands work. –word-diff shows only the changed words instead of complete lines which is the default)
Always checkout into the source (branch_name below). Pull the source through git pull. Checkout the first current branch into which we want to merge.
git merge repo/ – merge everything from to current checked out branch/master.
Push the merged code into remote destination branch through git push.
Cherry-pick
Cherry-pick option is used to merge specific commits made in one branch to another. To cherry-pick commits, have the SHA hash of the commit to merge. Checkout to the branch to merge and issue the command git cherry-pick
Links: Cherry-pick GIT documentation, how to cherry-pick changes with git
Resolve Merge conflicts
after running the merge command do following
git status – along with others this also gives conflicted files in red calling it unmerged paths
open those files in notepad++
search for the beginning of conflict marker – <<<<<<< HEAD
Lines below this marker are the original lines in destination branch
Then find marker – ======= This is a divider
Below the divider marker are the changes as in origin branch from which code is merged. This branch name is mentioned in the merge command
Choose the appropriate line and delete the rest with markers
Add or stage your changes – git add
git status – ensure all the ‘unmerged paths’ section is not shown now as you staged all the changes in previous step
Commit the changes – git commit -m “Conflicts resolved”
git pull – get the latest from remote repo
git push – push local repo changes to remote repo Repo and Fork related activities 라이브스코어
merging code between forks (ideally you would do a pull request, but this is the shortcut if you have permission)
git remote add security https://github.com//.git
git pull security master – security is the origin repo name and master is the branch in that repo
git push –set-upstream mainrepo – mainrepo is the destination repo name with the branch in that repo
pushing a newly created branch in my fork to main repo
git remote add mainrepo https://github.com/.git – add the main repo that can be associated with your fork.
git push mainrepo – pushes the newly created branch in the local repo to main repo
if a new branch was created in main repo and you want to pull it to fork. then workflow is you fetch it to your local machine and push it to your remote fork
git remote add mainrepo https://github.com/.git
git fetch mainrepo — origin is the main repo, spr_17 is the new branch created in origin, get that locally to your machine
git push upstream — upstream is your fork – push the fetched branch to your remote fork
List commits made by a particular author
git log –author=”Jon”
List number of commits done by all authors
git shortlog
Create patch
git format-patch -x
where -x means how many commits back from the current head and it has to be integer.
For example if i want to generate patch for last 10 commits
git format-patch -10
The above example will generate 10 file patches.
Squash multiple patches into a single file
git format-patch -x –stdout > patch-ddmmyyy.patch
Note: The generated patches work with svn also.
Apply patch:
preview the patch:
git apply –stat a_file.patch
dry run the patch to detect errors
git apply –check a_file.patch
apply the patch
git am –signoff < a_file.patch
Abort applying patch
git am –abort
Misc
git diff head
git fetch upstream
git rebase upstream
git log – file history or all the change lists in the branch checked out
git ls-remote
Side Notes: 라이브스코어
If you forked a repository, you simply clone the fork. If you branched a repository, you clone the repository and checkout the branch.
Forking is nothing more than a clone on the GitHub server side.
Here are steps to create Scratch org using SFDX CLI Commands.
Open Visual Studio IDE , go to Terminal and execute the below sfdx CLI commands.
Note 라이브스코어: sfdx cli installation should be done.
2. Connect to the DevHub Org using the below command
sfdx force:auth:web:login -d -a devHub
Login with Username / Password
After successfully connected to DevHub Org
3. Create a salesforce project in the VS Code using the below command
Cmd + Shift + P
Create a Project with manifest
Enter the Project name
(OR)
sfdx force:org:create -f config/project-scratch-def.json -a demoorg1
Once the project created successfully, will able to see the below message Successfully created scratch org: 00D0x0000009IeHEAU, username: [email protected]
4. Verify to which org, you are connected using below command sfdx force:org:display -u
To see the list of orgs connected, execute the below command sfdx force:org:list
> Type cmd+shift+p and type Auth, select Authorize an Org option. This will redirect to the salesforce login page, login using scratch org credentials.
> After successfully authenticated, Go to VS Code and right click on package.json and select the option Retrieve Source in manifest from Org. This will retrieve the org codebase in to VS code.
> Verify the code base under 라이브스코어force-app —> main —> manifest folder 라이브스코어
Congratulation, now able to connect to your org from Visual Studio Code IDE.
